Artane

Artana (Albanian: Novobërdë or Artanë), is a town and municipality located in the Pristina district of eastern Kosovo. As of 2015, it had an estimated population of 9,670 inhabitants.

In Serbian (and also English) “Novo Brdo” is used, literally meaning “New Hill” in Serbian language. The name was derived from the medieval Serbian mining town of Novo Brdo. In Albanian, the Republic of Kosovo uses “Novobërdë”.

Artana is an archaeological site.  Artana  was mentioned with its present name in historical documents as early as 1326. Previously it was known as Novus Mons or Novamonte in Latin and as Nyeuberghe in Saxon texts. The famous Serbian scribe Vladislav the Grammarian was born here.

Artana was a metropolis at the time, with a huge medieval fortress built on the top of an extinct volcano cone, the remains of which can be visited today, and residential sections sprawling all around. In the outer wall of the fortress a large cross is visible, built into the stones. The castle, or fortress, was thought at one point to have dated back to the time of the Serbian Empire. The population at its height was estimated to exceed 6,720 people. At the first half of 15th century, Serbian Orthodox bishops of Lipljan resided in Novo Brdo. There were mines and smelting furnaces for iron, lead, gold and silver ores. Novo Brdo silver is known by its argentum glame (an alloy of silver with 1/6-1/3 gold). In 1450 the mines of Novo Brdo were producing about 6,000 kg of silver per year.

Novo Brdo was the last Serbian city to remain standing during the first invasion. In 1439 the capital of Smederevo fell and Serbia resisted until finally Novo Brdo fell in 1441. Novo Brdo was by treaty restored to the Serbs in 1443. The fortress (named in Turkish Nobırda) came under siege for forty days by the Ottomans, before capitulating and becoming occupied by the Ottomans on 1 June 1455. This event is described by Konstantin Mihailović from Ostrovica near Novo Brdo, who was taken by the Ottomans along with some 300 other boys to be trained as Janissaries. All of the higher ranking Serbian officials were executed after the castle fell, with the younger men and boys being taken captive to serve in the Ottoman Army, and some 700 young Serbian women and girls being taken to be wives to Ottoman commanders.

By the early 20th century, Novo Brdo’s population dwindled, with most inhabitants moving to the more easily accessible area of Gnjilane. In 1999, with the entry into Kosovo of KFOR and the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), the area had a small military outpost occupied by US soldiers, as well as a station of International Police and Kosovo Police.

Sqarime per leximin ne menyre sa me te sakte te motit:

Ndjehet si: – (Ndjehet si) eshte nje njesi matese qe pershkruan se si tempretura ndihet me te vertete. Ajo tregon efektet qe kane parametra te tjere te jashtem si era, lageshtia, intensiteti i diellit, rete dhe gjithcka qe ndikon se sa ngrohte dhe ftohte nje person ndien.

Lag. Relative: – Eshte Lageshtia Relative , Me lageshti Relative kuptojme raportin midis Lageshtise Absolute ne vleren me te larte te saj ( e cila varet nga vlera aktuale e temperatures se ajrit). Nje lexim prej 100% Lageshti Relative do te thote qe ajri eshte totalisht i ngopur me uje dhe nuk mban më, gje e cila krijon mundesine per te rene shi. Kjo nuk do te thote qe lageshtia relative duhet te jete gjithmone 100% qe te bjere shi – ajo duhet te jete 100% atje ku formohen rete, por afer tokes mund te jete shume me e ulet.

Shpejt. eres: – Tregon Shpejtesine e Eres dhe ajo shprehet ne (km ne ore)

Drejt. eres: – Tregon Drejtimi nga fryn era, dhe shprehet me drejtimet e meposhtme:

V =>> Veri
J =>> Jug
P =>> Perëndim
L =>> Lindje

JL =>> Jug-Lindje
JP =>> Jug-Perëndim
JJP =>> Jug – Jugperëndim
JJL =>> Jug – Juglindje

VL =>> Veri-Lindje
VP =>> Veri-Perëndim
VVL =>> Veri – Verilindje
VVP =>> Veri – Veriperëndim

LJL =>> Lindje – Juglindje LVL =>> Lindje – Verilindje

PVP =>> Perëndim – Veriperëndim
PJP =>> Perëndim – Jugperëndim

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